Confined Space Rescue: 7 Life-Saving Techniques for Emergency situations

 

A tragic incident highlights the critical importance of confined space training and safety measures. Learn essential rescue procedures.
Never enter a confined space without proper training

In September 2023, a tragic incident occurred at a well site in Oklahoma. A 30-year-old worker entered a water tank to fix a leaking valve, unaware of the dangers that lay ahead. This tank was classified as a confined space, which requires special safety precautions to ensure the safety of anyone who enters.

As the worker began the repair, he suddenly lost consciousness due to asphyxiation caused by hazardous air conditions inside the tank. Two of his co-workers, noticing something was wrong, bravely entered the tank in an attempt to rescue him. Unfortunately, they were also affected by the poor air quality, but thankfully, they did not sustain any serious injuries.

Following the incident, investigators from the U.S. Department of Labor launched an inquiry. They discovered that the employer had neglected to assess the tank for hazardous conditions and had failed to implement necessary safety measures to protect the workers. This oversight not only violated federal safety regulations but also led to a heartbreaking loss. The company now faces significant fines as a result of these serious safety lapses.

Introduction

My largest fear when working in an Oil and Gas refinery was performing confined space activities, and I often prayed to accomplish timely and safely. Workers in confined areas, such as furnaces, boilers, heat exchangers, tanks, silos, etc., are particularly vulnerable to risks related to rescue operations as well as lack of oxygen and falling objects. In the oil and gas industry, confined space rescue is a critical operation that requires careful planning, the right rescue gear, and a well-trained team. This is a comprehensive confined space rescue procedure that includes crucial rescue tools and techniques that we practice during rescue drills or prepare for the worst-case scenario while we continue our regular operations during refinery turnaround/ maintenance activities.

Step 1: Assess the Situation

Hazard Assessment

Prior to starting the rescue, it's important to conduct a thorough hazard assessment. Determine any possible risks, such as toxic fumes, low oxygen levels, or flammable vapours. Sweeping the area with the help of gas detectors and additional surveillance tools to monitor the atmosphere inside the enclosed area. If the atmosphere is favourable then move to other steps of the rescue plan.

Communication

Provide a clear line of communication for all team members who are within the enclosed area or outside on the ground. It is vital to ascertain the trapped person's condition, whether they are conscious or unconscious. Radios or other reliable devices can be utilized for this reason in order to stay in contact during the rescue operation. Remember to choose a communication device that is safe and will not present any further risks.

Step 2: Develop a Rescue Plan

Rescue Plan

Rescue Plan Outline

Develop a comprehensive rescue strategy that specifies the necessary steps to be executed. This plan should identify the type of rescue involved (self-rescue, non-entry rescue, or entry rescue), delineate the responsibilities of each team member, and list the specific equipment required for the operation. It shall also be mentioned in the rescue plan whether this rescue is time-sensitive or non-time-sensitive. Time-sensitive, or "emergency," rescues usually entail environments with low oxygen levels and a brief window of opportunity, usually six minutes, to extract a victim.

A case of someone falling and breaking their ankle while entering a small area would be an example of a non-time-sensitive rescue. Because there is enough oxygen present in these kinds of situations, the rescue can be carried out without the need for additional oxygen and is not as time-sensitive.

Safety experts may create plans for adopting and carrying out an acceptable response by having a thorough understanding of both kinds of rescues.

 Checklist

This is the third step after creating the rescue plan; the following stage involves creating a checklist to help ensure that all required items are ready, available, and working. The checklist should include:
Discover crucial steps and procedures COP for ensuring safety in confined spaces. Essential for protecting workers and preventing accidents.
a worker being rescued using tripod

- Rope

- Winch

- Tripod

- Stretcher

- Breathing apparatus

- Gas detectors

- Harnesses

- Light Torches

- Fire extinguishers

The rescue makes sure that each of these pieces of equipment is well-maintained, in excellent functioning order, and in sufficient quantity to ensure that a replacement is available if one breaks down.

Step 3: Conduct a Toolbox Talk (TBT)

Toolbox Talk (TBT)

TBT is a short discussion which is held by the rescue team to review the rescue plan, discuss potential hazards, and confirm that all equipment is in working order. Emphasize the importance of following the procedure and maintaining communication among all the parties, and safely rescue the trapped person.

 

 Step 4: Execute the Rescue

 Non-Entry Rescue

It is possible to perform a non-entry rescue utilizing tools like a winch and tripod to retrieve the worker without entering the confined space if the individual is aware but injured and unable to move on their own, and the conditions inside the confined space are favorable posing no risk to the worker. Because it lowers the risk to the rescuers, this approach is recommended.

Entry Rescue

If a non-entry rescue is not feasible, because the victim is unconscious, or has difficulty breathing, or the atmosphere inside is too rich or lean of breathable oxygen or the presence of toxic gases then conduct an entry rescue. Ensure rescuers are equipped with the necessary protective gear, including breathing apparatus and harnesses. Use rope systems to secure rescuers and victims.

 Use of Rescue Equipment

Utilize the following rescue equipment effectively:

 - Rope: Securely anchor and manage ropes to ensure safe access and egress.

- Winch and Tripod: Set up and operate these devices to lift and lower personnel.

- Stretcher: Use a stretcher to safely transport injured workers out of the confined space.

 Step 5: Evacuate the Victim

 Safe Evacuation

Carefully evacuate the victim using the stretcher and other necessary equipment. Ensure the victim is stabilized and secure during the evacuation process.

Step 6: Provide Medical Attention

First Aid and Stabilization

Provide immediate first aid to the victim once they are out of the confined space. If necessary, coordinate with emergency medical services for further treatment. Remember, having medical staff on-site during the rescue is crucial so they can start assisting the victim immediately, ensuring every second counts!

Step 7: Post-Rescue Debrief

Debrief and Evaluation

Conduct a post-rescue debrief with the entire team. Discuss what went well, any challenges encountered, and areas for improvement. Review the checklist and ensure all equipment is accounted for and inspected for any damage.

Step 8: Documentation

Rescue Form

Complete a detailed rescue form documenting the incident, the steps taken, and the outcomes. This documentation is crucial for continuous improvement and compliance with safety regulations.

Conclusion: Ensuring Ongoing Preparedness

Confined space rescues are high-risk operations that require meticulous planning, the right rescue gear, and well-trained personnel. By following this procedure and conducting regular drills, you can enhance your team’s readiness and ensure the safety of all workers in the refinery.


FAQs on Confined Space Rescue Procedures

 

1. What is a confined space rescue procedure?

A confined space rescue procedure outlines the steps to safely rescue workers from hazardous confined spaces, including assessment, planning, and execution using proper rescue gear.

 

2. What is a valid rescue plan in a confined space?

A valid rescue plan in a confined space includes a hazard assessment, specific rescue methods, designated roles, required equipment, and regular drills to ensure preparedness.

 

3. What are the three types of rescue operations?

The three types of rescue operations are self-rescue, non-entry rescue, and entry rescue.

 

4. What NFPA standard covers confined space rescue operations?

The NFPA standard covering confined space rescue operations is NFPA 350, which provides guidelines for safe entry and rescue procedures in confined spaces.

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